La leyenda del venado azul y el ecologismo de los Wixaricas

Por Juan Castellanos

Kauyumari fue el dios que trajo el hikuli a los Wixaricas de San Luis Potosí. La leyenda, narrada por marakames tiene muchas versiones:

Un día el pueblo Wixarica padecía de enfermedades, tristeza, hambre, sed y desesperanza.

Resueltos decidieron elegir a 4 jóvenes que debian salir de la comunidad para encontrar alimento. Cada joven representaba un elemento: agua, viento, fuego, tierra.

Luego de varios viajes infructuosos y al crecer el hambre, la sed, la tristeza y la desesperanza de los Wixaricas decidieron hacer un último viaje.

En este viaje los jóvenes fueron interrumpidos por un venado de color azul y de semblante brillante: Kauyumari. Este venado los vio fijamente y los 4 jóvenes, que representaban a los 4 elementos, lo persiguieron con el objetivo de cazarlo y convertirlo en alimento para su pueblo.

Luego de muchos días de persecución Kauyumari se apiadó de ellos y los dejó descansar. Al despertar, luego de dormir varios días, descubrieron que el venado azul les había llevado muy lejos y con engaños ellos le habían seguido.

Se encontraban en la casa del venado azul, en el territorio sagrado de Wirikuta, en el que los 4 Wixaricas encontraron, gracias a Kauyumari, el peyote. Los 4 jóvenes recogieron los peyotes (hikuli) y los llevaron a la comunidad.

La comunidad comió ese alimento sagrado y desapareció la tristeza, desesperanza, hambre y sed. Para los Wixaricas el peyote de convirtió en un alimento sagrado, salvó de la muerte a la comunidad, alivió los males y Wirikuta fue declarado lugar sagrado.

Wirikuta es reserva nacional y territorio sagrado para los Wixaricas. Cada año viajan en caravana a cuidar del lugar y a consumir su adorado hikuli.

Para Alfredo López Austin, autor del “Conejo en la cara de la luna”, los mitos o leyendas indígenas son más que literatura. Representan una cosmogonía, una cosmovisión, valores, modos de vida, idiosincrasia y hasta concepto de historia.

Para los Wixaricas él territorio sagrado de Wirikuta es el centro en el que surgió el universo, donde nació el sol, la luna, las estrellas y en el que Kauyumari plantó el sagrado hikuli. Entonces los Wixaricas consideran la naturaleza como algo sagrado, algo que no debe someterse, dirigiese, no es un mercancía o un bien vendible.

Wirikuta es un lugar emblemático de la lucha medioambiental en México. Las empresas mineras de capital canadiense han buscado conseciones de oro, niquel, plata y despojar a los Wixaricas de su territorio sagrado. Los Wixaricas han resistido.

Para las empresas Wirikuta es un depósito de minerales exportables para los Wixaricas un lugar sagrado corazón del universo.

En México hay decenas de conflictos medioambientales producto de una política extactivista, que continúa en la 4 Transformación de Andrés Manuel López Obrador, que ha cobrado la vida de defensores de la madre tierra como fue el caso de Samir Flores, el acoso a las comunidades que se oponen al Tren Transismico y la amenaza permanente a las comunidades del Istmo de Tehuantepec. Los pueblos Wixaricas del Gran Nayar, los ikoots y zapotecos del istmo y nahuas de Morelos resisten a los megaproyectos de la 4T.

Details: Category: El Globo; Published: 14 January 2020; Hits: 453

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La leyenda del venado azul y el ecologismo de los Wixaricas

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Session

Profile Information

Time

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21 Query Types Logged, Sorted by Occurrences.

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8	JComponentHelper::{closure}()	JROOT/libraries/joomla/cache/controller/callback.php:169
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7	JVersion->getMediaVersion()	JROOT/libraries/joomla/factory.php:755
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8	JVersion->setMediaVersion()	JROOT/libraries/cms/version/version.php:280
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17	JDatabaseDriver->loadObjectList()	JROOT/libraries/joomla/access/access.php:427
16	JAccess::preloadComponents()	JROOT/libraries/joomla/access/access.php:211
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4	JComponentHelper::renderComponent()	JROOT/libraries/cms/application/site.php:191
3	JApplicationSite->dispatch()	JROOT/libraries/cms/application/site.php:230
2	JApplicationSite->doExecute()	JROOT/libraries/cms/application/cms.php:265
1	JApplicationCms->execute()	JROOT/index.php:49

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11	JDatabaseDriver->loadAssoc()	JROOT/libraries/joomla/table/table.php:729
10	JTable->load()	JROOT/components/com_content/models/article.php:251
9	ContentModelArticle->hit()	JROOT/components/com_content/controller.php:109
8	ContentController->display()	JROOT/libraries/legacy/controller/legacy.php:709
7	JControllerLegacy->execute()	JROOT/components/com_content/content.php:39
6	require_once JROOT/components/com_content/content.php	JROOT/libraries/cms/component/helper.php:394
5	JComponentHelper::executeComponent()	JROOT/libraries/cms/component/helper.php:369
4	JComponentHelper::renderComponent()	JROOT/libraries/cms/application/site.php:191
3	JApplicationSite->dispatch()	JROOT/libraries/cms/application/site.php:230
2	JApplicationSite->doExecute()	JROOT/libraries/cms/application/cms.php:265
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10	JTable->hit()	JROOT/components/com_content/models/article.php:252
9	ContentModelArticle->hit()	JROOT/components/com_content/controller.php:109
8	ContentController->display()	JROOT/libraries/legacy/controller/legacy.php:709
7	JControllerLegacy->execute()	JROOT/components/com_content/content.php:39
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5	JComponentHelper::executeComponent()	JROOT/libraries/cms/component/helper.php:369
4	JComponentHelper::renderComponent()	JROOT/libraries/cms/application/site.php:191
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2	JApplicationSite->doExecute()	JROOT/libraries/cms/application/cms.php:265
1	JApplicationCms->execute()	JROOT/index.php:49

id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	filtered	Extra
1	SIMPLE	a	const	PRIMARY,idx_catid	PRIMARY	4	const	1	100.00
1	SIMPLE	c	const	PRIMARY	PRIMARY	4	const	1	100.00
1	SIMPLE	u	const	PRIMARY	PRIMARY	4	const	0	0.00	Unique row not found
1	SIMPLE	parent	const	PRIMARY	PRIMARY	4	const	1	100.00
1	SIMPLE	v	const	PRIMARY	PRIMARY	4	const	0	0.00	Unique row not found

Status	Duration
Starting	0.28 ms
Waiting for query cache lock	0.01 ms
starting	0.01 ms
Checking query cache for query	0.40 ms
checking permissions	0.02 ms
Opening tables	0.12 ms
After opening tables	0.02 ms
System lock	0.02 ms
table lock	0.02 ms
Waiting for query cache lock	0.07 ms
init	0.18 ms
Optimizing	0.08 ms
Statistics	0.26 ms
Preparing	0.02 ms
Unlocking tables	0.02 ms
Preparing	0.04 ms
Executing	0.01 ms
Sending data	0.14 ms
End of update loop	0.03 ms
Query end	0.01 ms
Commit	0.02 ms
Query end	0.01 ms
closing tables	0.01 ms
Unlocking tables	0.02 ms
closing tables	0.03 ms
Query end	0.02 ms
Starting cleanup	0.01 ms
Freeing items	0.16 ms
Updating status	0.02 ms
Waiting for query cache lock	0.01 ms
Updating status	0.09 ms
Waiting for query cache lock	0.01 ms
Updating status	0.01 ms
Storing result in query cache	0.02 ms
Reset for next command	0.01 ms

id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	filtered	Extra
1	SIMPLE	s	const	PRIMARY,idx_left_right	PRIMARY	4	const	1	100.00
1	SIMPLE	c	ALL	cat_idx,idx_access,idx_left_right	NO INDEX KEY COULD BE USED	NULL	NULL	51	90.20	Using where; Using filesort

id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	filtered	Extra
1	SIMPLE	m	ALL	idx_tag_type	NO INDEX KEY COULD BE USED	NULL	NULL	22	100.00	Using where
1	SIMPLE	t	eq_ref	PRIMARY,tag_idx,idx_access	PRIMARY	4	elzenzo_2.m.tag_id	1	100.00	Using where

id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	filtered	Extra
1	SIMPLE	a	ref	idx_state,idx_access,idx_context	idx_state	1	const	1	100.00	Using where; Using temporary; Using filesort
1	SIMPLE	l	eq_ref	idx_langcode	idx_langcode	28	elzenzo_2.a.language	1	100.00	Using where
1	SIMPLE	uc	eq_ref	PRIMARY	PRIMARY	4	elzenzo_2.a.checked_out	1	100.00
1	SIMPLE	ag	eq_ref	PRIMARY	PRIMARY	4	elzenzo_2.a.access	1	100.00	Using where
1	SIMPLE	ua	eq_ref	PRIMARY	PRIMARY	4	elzenzo_2.a.created_user_id	1	100.00	Using where
1	SIMPLE	g	eq_ref	PRIMARY	PRIMARY	4	elzenzo_2.a.group_id	1	100.00	Using where
1	SIMPLE	fc	ref	PRIMARY	PRIMARY	4	elzenzo_2.a.id	1	100.00	Using where; Using index

id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	filtered	Extra
1	SIMPLE	mm	index	PRIMARY	PRIMARY	8	NULL	22	100.00	Using where; Using index; Using temporary; Using filesort
1	SIMPLE	m	eq_ref	PRIMARY,published,newsfeeds	PRIMARY	4	elzenzo_2.mm.moduleid	1	83.33	Using where
1	SIMPLE	e	ref	element_clientid,element_folder_clientid	element_clientid	403	elzenzo_2.m.module,const	1	100.00	Using index condition; Using where